实验室设置的4个区域主要设备配置
随着医疗新技术和新的手术工具的不断涌现，带动了手术量的迅猛上升，而且手术室是医学技术与工程技术结合的产物，下面来讲讲
手术室建设要求以及
手术室感染控制原则是怎样的？
With the continuous emergence of new medical technologies and new surgical tools, the number of operations has increased rapidly. Moreover, the operating room is the product of the combination of medical technology and engineering technology. What are the requirements of the operating room and the principles of infection control in the operating room?
手术室的要求
Operating room requirements
手术室是医院中无菌洁净要求很严格的地方之一，手术室的建设、布局、工作流程和治理都是围绕无菌要求设计的。
The operating room is one of the places in the hospital with strict aseptic and clean requirements. The construction, layout, work flow and management of the operating room are designed around the aseptic requirements.
手术室又是医疗设备密集的科室，
除手术床、无影灯外，麻醉机、监护、电刀以及自体血回收机、
手术显微镜、影像系统等已成为手术常用设备。随着技术的发展，新的手术工具不断涌现，如各类软硬内窥镜下手术、导航设备、立体定位系统、手术机器人等微创手术辅助设备等，如此众多的设备拥挤在手术室内，对设备布局、安装、配电及用电安全提出了更高的要求。
The operating room is also a department with dense medical equipment. In addition to the operating table and shadowless lamp, anesthesia machine, monitoring, electric knife, autologous blood recovery machine, operating microscope and imaging system have become common equipment for surgery. With the development of technology, new surgical tools are constantly emerging, such as various soft and hard endoscopic surgery, navigation equipment, stereo positioning system, surgical robot and other minimally invasive surgical auxiliary equipment. So many equipment are crowded in the operating room, which puts forward higher requirements for equipment layout, installation, power distribution and power safety.
另外，现在各家医院分散建设的导管室、膀胱镜室等，有些也是参照手术室要求建立起来的准手术室。尤其是开展参与治疗的导管室，基本上是严格按照手术室的规范治理和使用，这些科室广义上说也是扩展的手术室。这些准手术室在老医院都是见缝插针式地建设，新建医院应该综合考虑这些科室与常规手术室间的布局安排。
In addition, some of the catheter rooms and cystoscopy rooms scattered in various hospitals are also quasi operating rooms established according to the requirements of operating rooms. In particular, the catheter rooms involved in the treatment are basically managed and used in strict accordance with the specifications of the operating room. In a broad sense, these departments are also expanded operating rooms. These quasi operating rooms are built in the old hospital in a timely manner. The new hospital should comprehensively consider the layout between these departments and the conventional operating rooms.
Principles of infection control in operating room
防止和降低手术感染是手术室建设很基本的要求，感染控制的方法有：
Preventing and reducing surgical infection is a very basic requirement for the construction of the operating room. The methods of infection control include:
(1)通过术前备皮和术中对非手术区域的无菌覆盖，减少患者自身感染；(2)对手术用具和物品的严格消毒或隔离，减少外源接触感染；(3)降低空气中的灰尘和微生物粒子，减少悬浮污染物的扩散感染；(4)使用抗生素。这是一种补救措施，其靠药物往控制已发生的感染。
(1) Through preoperative skin preparation and aseptic coverage of non-surgical areas during the operation, the patient's self infection can be reduced; (2) Strictly disinfect or isolate surgical instruments and articles to reduce external contact infection; (3) Reduce the dust and microbial particles in the air and reduce the diffusion and infection of suspended pollutants; (4) Use antibiotics. This is a remedial measure that relies on drugs to control the infection that has occurred.
我国目前普遍存在的题目是，只注重预防感染结果，而忽略了对感染的全过程控制。临床表现是依靠大量抗生素来减少术后感染率，而对手术无菌过程缺乏严格控制。
At present, the common problem in our country is that we only pay attention to the prevention of infection results and neglect the whole process control of infection. The clinical manifestation is to rely on a large number of antibiotics to reduce the postoperative infection rate, while the aseptic process of the operation lacks strict control.
为减少抗生素的滥用，必须进步手术室洁净水平，严格无菌操纵和治理，加强对整个手术过程的控制，切断所有可能的污染途径(包括空气)，阻止细菌接触手术创口进进人体。
In order to reduce the abuse of antibiotics, it is necessary to improve the cleanliness level of the operating room, strictly control the aseptic operation and treatment, strengthen the control of the whole operation process, cut off all possible pollution channels (including air), and prevent bacteria from contacting the surgical wound and entering the human body.
大颗粒
气溶胶发生器(氯化钾发生器)
型号：DLY-8108
产生直径高达10μm的高浓度气溶胶颗粒
DLY-8108型大颗粒气溶胶发生器（氯化钾发生器）能够产生直径为0.1至10微米的高浓度盐气溶胶，满足已制定的ISO/TS 11155-1和ASHRAE 52.2测试规范以及建议的ISO 16890第2部分规范的要求。
使用氯化钾（KCl）生产试验气溶胶。DLY-8108型产生、干燥和静电中和气溶胶，以确保在日积月累使用条件下、可重复结果的准确性。
应用范围
+ 气溶胶生成
+ 过滤器测试
+ 产生适用于汽车座舱和通风空气过滤器测试、真空吸尘器性能测试和其他工业空气过滤研究的气溶胶
功能及优点
+ 产生直径0.1μm到10μm的高浓度气溶胶颗粒
+ 产生氯化钾（KCl）或其他气溶胶
+ 符合已制定的ISO/TS 11155-1和ASHRAE 52.2测试规范的要求，以及建议的ISO 16890第2部分规范。
说明书
大颗粒气溶胶发生器（氯化钾发生器）
DLY-8108型
工作方式
通过喷嘴进行恒定液体供给
粒子粒径大小
直径0.1μm~to 10 μm
粒子浓度
1μm时约600粒/cm3，10μm时约10粒/cm3（等动力采样用含30%浓度氯化钾KCl）
粒子类型
氯化钾 (KCl), 其它材料
液体供给速率
1.2 ml/min
操作要求
电 源：220V/AC
压缩空气：344kPa,141std.L/min(50psi,5scfm)
发生器机柱尺寸
高 142cm
外径 30.5cm
底座 45 ×45cm
重量 25.5kg
控制柜尺寸
LxWxH 43×56×32cm
（未包含液体储存装置和支架）
重量 22kg
操作使用
大颗粒气溶胶发生器（氯化钾发生器）DLY-8108型，由两部分组成：发生器机柱和控制箱。发生器柱包括喷嘴、干燥塔和电子空气电离器（非放射性气溶胶电荷中和器）。控制箱包含一个空气压力调节器，空气过滤器、蠕动液体泵、加热器、流量计和电离器电源。
DLY-8108型设计能够长期稳定可靠运行。
开启后，气溶胶发生器从干燥塔顶部喷射气溶胶。喷嘴易于维护，可从干燥塔顶部拆下进行清洁（一般情况下不需要拆卸维护）。干燥塔内的干燥筒体积能够允许足够的停留时间来干燥气溶胶。从气缸底部喷射的加热和电离稀释空气有助于此过程。稀释空气将液滴充分混合并干燥，形成固体盐颗粒，从发生器机柱底部的气缸中排出。因为在流动管路中垂直没有弯曲，气溶胶可以以最小的粒子损耗被引导到测试管道中
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规格如有更改，恕不另行通知。
